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230 V Lighting Design Guide

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EFFICACY: A metric used to compare light output to energy consumption. Efﬁcacy is measured in lumens per watt.

Efﬁcacy is similar to efﬁciency, but is expressed in dissimilar units. For example, if a 100-watt source produces

9000 lumens, then the efﬁcacy is 90 lumens per watt.

ELECTROLUMINESCENT: A light source technology used in exit signs that provides uniform brightness, long lamp

life (approximately eight years), while consuming very little energy (less than one watt per lamp).

ELECTRONIC BALLAST: A ballast that uses semi-conductor components to increase the frequency of ﬂuorescent

lamp operation (typically in the 20-40 kHz range). Smaller inductive components provide the lamp current control.

Fluorescent system efﬁciency is increased due to high frequency lamp operation.

ELECTRONIC DIMMING BALLAST: A variable output electronic ﬂuorescent ballast.

EMI: Abbreviation for electromagnetic interference. EMI is the high frequency interference (electrical noise) caused

by electronic components or ﬂuorescent lamps that interferes with the operation of electrical equipment. EMI is

measured in micro-volts, and can be controlled by ﬁlters. Because EMI can interfere with communication devices,

the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) has established limits for EMI.

ENERGY-SAVING BALLAST: A type of magnetic ballast designed so that the components operate more efﬁciently,

cooler and longer than a standard magnetic ballast. By US law, standard magnetic ballasts can no longer be

manufactured.

ENERGY-SAVING LAMP: A lower wattage lamp, generally producing fewer lumens.

FILL LIGHT: A ﬁll light can either be directional or diffused. For example, a directional light can be shined on the

object in the opposite direction of a key light, softening or eliminating shadows, depending on the strength of the ﬁll

light relative to the strength of the key light. Fill light sources can be placed behind an object to light the entire room

evenly.

FLUORESCENT LAMP: A light source consisting of a tube ﬁlled with argon, along with krypton or other inert gas.

When electrical current is applied, the resulting arc emits ultraviolet radiation that excites the phosphors inside the

lamp wall, causing them to radiate visible light.

FOOTCANDLE (FC): The English unit of measurement of the illuminance (or light level) on a surface. One footcandle

is equal to one lumen per square foot.

FOOTLAMBERT: An English unit of luminance. One footlambert is equal to 1/p candelas per square foot.

GLARE: The effect of brightness or differences in brightness within the visual ﬁeld sufﬁciently high to cause

annoyance, discomfort, or loss of visual performance.

HARMONIC DISTORTION: A harmonic is a sinusoidal component of a periodic wave having a frequency that is

a multiple of the fundamental frequency. Harmonic distortion from lighting equipment can interfere with other

appliances and the operation of electric power networks. The total harmonic distortion (THD) is usually expressed

as a percentage of the fundamental line current. THD for 4-foot ﬂuorescent ballasts usually range from 20% to

40%. For compact ﬂuorescent ballasts, THD levels greater than 50% are not uncommon.

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Crestron Lighting Design Guía de instalación Pagina 74